On July 10, 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced a significant policy shift to restore compliance with federal law and ensure that taxpayer-funded program benefits, intended for the American people, are not diverted to subsidize illegal aliens. HHS has formally rescinded a 1998 interpretation of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), which had extended certain federal public benefits to illegal aliens. This new policy applies PRWORA’s plain-language definition of “Federal public benefit,” reverses outdated exclusions, affirms that programs serving individuals, households, or families are subject to eligibility restrictions, and clarifies that no HHS programs have been formally exempted under PRWORA’s limited exceptions.

The revised list newly includes all programs now classified as “Federal public benefits” under PRWORA:

• Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics
• Community Mental Health Services Block Grant
• Community Services Block Grant (CSBG)
• Head Start
• Health Center Program
• Health Workforce Programs not otherwise previously covered (including grants, loans, scholarships, payments, and loan repayments)
• Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Prevention, and Recovery Support Services Programs administered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
• Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness Grant Program
• Substance Use Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Services Block Grant
• Title IV-E Educational and Training Voucher Program
• Title IV-E Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program
• Title IV-E Prevention Services Program
• Title X Family Planning Program

The above list is not exhaustive. Any additional programs determined to be Federal public benefits will be announced in program specific guidance.

On March 24, 2025, the Acting Assistant Secretary of the Administration for Children and Families shared a letter with TANF Administrators to ensure TANF agencies are aligned with Executive Order 14218 “Ending Taxpayer Subsidization of Open Borders” and are not providing federal public benefits to illegal aliens, per statutory requirements. In this Information Memorandum, the Office of Family Assistance provides additional details on the applicable laws and enforcement mechanisms regarding restrictions on federal public benefits for non-qualified aliens.

The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has released the new request for applications for the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) pilot. The pilot will select up to five states to test innovative approaches aimed at promoting work and reducing government dependency.

The pilot is authorized under the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 and reflects the Administration’s commitment to reshaping welfare programs to encourage employment, personal responsibility, and strong, stable two-parent families. States are encouraged to propose alternative performance measures to the work participation rate that prioritize rapid employment outcomes, earnings progression, and reduced dependency on TANF, Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and other welfare. 

ACF encourages all states and territories to apply. The application period will close at 11:59 PM ET on August 15, 2025. The pilot program for the selected states will begin on October 1, 2025.

Further information on the TANF pilot program can be found on the Office of Family Assistance Fiscal Responsibility Act implementation page. If questions remain, please contact TANFquestions@acf.hhs.gov. 

The Improper Payments Information Act of 2002, amended by the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010, requires Federal agencies to estimate, report, and address improper payments in their programs. TANF was designated as high risk for improper payments and, as such, is required to estimate and report on the number of improper payments annually. This Office of Family Assistance information memorandum provides guidance to States on best practices for reduction of improper payments.

As part of TANF oversight, independent auditors conduct single audits, and states are required to take corrective action on audit findings as part of their responsibilities as TANF grant recipients. Based on a preliminary review of the most recently available state single audit reports, as of April 30, 2024, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) identified 155 unresolved TANF findings. This GAO report examines the extent to which single audit findings can relate to TANF fraud and is a part of a series of reports reviewing TANF.

In July 2024, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) completed its first TANF fraud risk assessment using its Fraud Risk Assessment Portal. The HHS identified and assessed 21 fraud risks, and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) categorized these 21 fraud risks into nine broad categories, including: billing fraud, conflict of interest, conspiracy, cyber exploit, diversion, misrepresentation, misuse of aware funds, personal identifiable information theft, and skimming. This GAO report examines the extent to which HHS identified and assessed TANF fraud risks and is a part of a series of reports reviewing TANF.

The Office of Family Assistance’s TANF Outcomes Technical Assistance and Logistics (TOTAL) team hosted their office hours in June 2025 to review definitions, eligibility rules, and case studies related to the new Secondary School Attainment Rate reporting requirement. They discussed the data that needs to be collected, possible data sources, and how to calculate the secondary attainment rates.

This Grandfamilies & Kinship Support Network primer was developed to offer service providers basic information about federal programs that can be used to finance kinship services and programs. Information for each source includes which federal agency administers the funding source, services the funding source can finance, and basic eligibility information. This funding primer is not intended to be an in-depth explanation of each source but, rather, a high-level overview that can be used to aid further research.

This Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation brief report describes the ways in which Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policies vary within the context of the federal program requirements and includes dozens of detailed tables showing policy choices across each state and territory.

This Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation brief provides a graphical overview of some of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policy differences across states and territories. It includes information about initial eligibility, benefit amounts, work and activity requirements, and ongoing eligibility and time limits.