Child support payments can make a meaningful difference for families receiving public assistance. This National Conference of State Legislatures resource explains pass-through and disregard policies, which allow some or all child support payments to go directly to families without reducing their public benefits. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use this information to understand how these policies support family financial stability and encourage consistent child support payments while helping families meet their everyday needs.

When families receive both child support and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), there are rules that determine how child support payments are shared between the family and the government. This is often called “cost recovery,” which means that states may use some or all of the child support payments to repay TANF assistance that was provided. This report explains how this process works in simple terms, why it matters for family income, and how it can affect the money families actually receive. TANF administrators and policymakers can use this report to better understand how these rules impact families and explore ways to support greater financial stability while still meeting program requirements.

Understanding the child support system can help Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners better support the families they serve. This National Conference of State Legislatures tutorial provides an overview of how child support programs operate, including how orders are established, payments are collected, and services are delivered. It is a valuable resource for TANF staff who are new to child support or want to strengthen their knowledge so they can connect families with the appropriate resources and explain how child support can contribute to long-term financial stability.

This Administration for Children and Families’ webpage serves as a timely outreach tool for explaining child support in a way families can use. For Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners, it offers ready-made materials that help show child support as more than enforcement: it is a source of income and a way to support children’s needs.

This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA).

Child support can play an important role in helping families achieve greater financial stability. This report reviews how the child support enforcement system has changed since PRWORA and explains its relationship with public assistance programs. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use this resource to better understand how child support policies affect the families they serve, strengthen collaboration with child support agencies, and help parents access resources that support their children's well-being while working toward greater economic independence.

Families involved with both the child welfare and child support systems often face financial pressures that can affect reunification efforts. This Institute for Research on Poverty report examines how child support policies may influence a family's ability to reunify after foster care placement. While focused on system interactions, the findings provide valuable context for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners who support families working toward greater stability and self-sufficiency. Understanding these economic challenges can help TANF staff better coordinate services, identify barriers families may be facing, and connect parents with resources that support successful reunification.

The Office of Family Assistance partnered with the Children’s Bureau to develop the Families Are Stronger Together Learning Community (FAST-LC), which focused on preventing family involvement in the child welfare system through developing, implementing, and enhancing Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)–Child Welfare (CW) partnerships and innovations. FAST-LC was a one-year initiative that involved 10 Tribal and state TANF and CW agencies. 

This tip sheet accompanies a video on Strengthening Connections: Leveraging Existing Networks for Integrated Prevention Services, which highlights lessons from the FAST-LC. These resources feature representatives from the Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy’s Reservation, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, and the California Tribal TANF Partnership, who discuss how they cultivated partnerships with agencies to plan and implement integrated prevention services.

Maternal and infant health is an urgent priority, and a coordinated effort across health and human services is crucial to foster positive maternal health outcomes. The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) is responsible for many programs that support maternal and infant health, including home visiting, Head Start, childcare, Medicaid, TANF, child support, and others. ACF released this Dear Colleague Letter to assist human services providers in understanding their important role in addressing the syphilis epidemic by raising awareness and helping to facilitate access to early testing and treatment. Staff at human services agencies have a unique opportunity to intervene and help protect the health of pregnant women and babies by educating clients on the risks and encouraging early and regular prenatal care, including testing and treatment when necessary.

The Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation released this brief, which summarizes an expert convening focused on the child support program’s current ability and future potential to help address child poverty. The convening focused on the current state of child support services, how child support services intersect with other programs and institutions, and innovations in service design and provision.

On November 8, 2024, the Administration for Children and Families announced grant awards totaling approximately $44 million across two ACF program offices, the Office of Community Services and the Office of Child Support Services, to improve the financial well-being of children and families. This announcement details the winning grants and programs amongst the two offices.