One goal of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) employment services is to improve equitable and stable employment outcomes for job seekers. However, employment services driven by biased service delivery approaches might exacerbate and reinforce existing disparities within the labor market. This Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation brief provides strategies that staff members can use while working with TANF participants to increase equitable access to employment opportunities. It also describes strategies that TANF program leaders can use to combat biases at an organizational level.

Military spouses and Transitioning Service Members are often an overlooked part of the military community and need workforce support. Alongside Veterans, these populations face higher than average unemployment rates and have unique barriers to employment that need to be addressed including gaining civilian certifications, accessing a network of local businesses, and translating military experience into a resume. The National Association of Workforce Development Professionals will host a webinar on November 15, 2023 at 1:00 p.m. CT, where participants will learn how Anne Arundel Workforce Development Corporation (AAWDC), the Title 1 service provider in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, launched Military Career Connection using Dislocated Worker funding to address the growing need of the military community. Participants will also learn how AAWDC developed relationships with the installations, what partners to connect with to serve this population, and the best practices learned through developing this program.

In 2022, the Center for the Study of Social Policy (CSSP) and Project SPARC (Student-Parents Are Reimagining CalWORKs) conducted research to better understand the barriers experienced by parenting students in CalWORKs, California’s cash assistance program for families with children. Parenting students work hard every day to pursue their goals, often juggling work, classes, and caregiving responsibilities. Public systems and programs can provide critical support, but frequently create additional hurdles for parenting students and their families, especially those with low incomes. This CSSP brief highlights findings from the research on parenting students’ experiences transferring to four-year institutions. Inadequate support for families’ basic needs combined with limited support at four-year institutions for parenting students who participate in CalWORKs are significant barriers for parenting students as they further their education.

As of 2021, up to 17.5% of working age American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians reported they have a disability. However, only 2.2% of Division of Indian and Native American Programs grantee participants reported they have a disability. Low reporting may indicate that participants do not know that they can receive accommodations to help them be more successful during a training program and at their workplace if they disclose that they have a disability. Also, workforce development staff may not realize that they can leverage partners to provide more comprehensive services for participants with disabilities to ensure their success and/or may not know how to broach the topic with customers.

The National Center on Leadership for the Employment and Economic Advancement of People with Disabilities hosted part-two of a two-part series on December 10, 2021 where attendees learned best practices and strategies in building partnerships and leveraging resources across federal, state, and local systems.

Many programs aiming to improve employment outcomes among people with low-incomes rely on relationships with employers to develop job opportunities for participants. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting recession changed the ways these programs engage with and garner support from employers. This Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation brief describes the experiences of six employment programs participating in the Next Generation of Enhanced Employment Strategies Project and presents key takeaways from their efforts to maintain and develop new connections with employers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four of the programs serve people with mental illness, one serves Temporary Assistance for Needy Families participants with disabilities or who care for dependents with disabilities, and one serves young adults with disabilities who are transitioning from school to work.

The U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration hosted a virtual event on April 20, 2023 where the Division of Indian and Native American Programs invited Jim Warne, subject matter expert in the field of disabilities among Native populations, to share his presentation “Helping Native People with Disabilities Succeed Through Family and Community Engagement.” This presentation included information on the value of community-driven solutions, cultivating a deeper understanding of community practices, and the varying types of traumas affecting native people with disabilities. The presentation ended with an open dialogue, where Warne answered questions about practices employed to assist people with disabilities, potential partnerships with Section 166 programs, and smaller tribal vocational rehabilitation programs.

Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Accounts are tax-advantaged savings accounts that are available to eligible individuals with disabilities. ABLE account funds can be used for "qualified disability-related expenses" (QDE). A QDE is any expense the beneficiary incurs because of the disability. These may include expenses related to education, housing, transportation, employment training and support, or other expenses that help improve health, independence and/or quality of life. This Social Security Administration blogpost explains who is eligible for an ABLE account, what the funds are used for, and the effect it has on Social Security disability benefits.

Federal initiatives fund key transition and employment support for youth and young adults with disabilities (Y&YAD). These efforts include Pre-Employment Transition Services—funded by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, and Career and Technical Education —funded by the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act. They share common goals but are housed in different agencies and have varying priorities, outcome expectations, and requirements. Service providers can leverage these different resources, maximize efficiency of delivery, and strengthen programs through braided funding. This Center for Advancing Policy on Employment for Youth brief explains braided funding and offers four policy considerations for streamlining systems to offer comprehensive services that lead to sustained employment among more Y&YAD. State examples are provided for each consideration.

The Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program is a federal-state partnership: state VR agencies administer the program with oversight from the Rehabilitation Services Administration in the U.S. Department of Education. The program offers tailored services and supports to help people with disabilities obtain or retain employment and become economically self-sufficient. VR services range from the provision of specialized equipment and transportation to work to the provision of supported employment experiences. This Mathematica brief examines case-level VR administrative data to explore how customer characteristics predict program outcomes. This brief focuses on two outcomes -- employment status and service receipt status at program exit.

Employment coaching involves trained staff working collaboratively with participants to help them set individualized goals related to employment and providing motivation, support, and feedback as participants work toward those goals. Recently, there has been growing interest among policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in using employment coaching to assist Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients and other adults with low incomes become economically mobile. This Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation report highlights the evaluation that was designed to assess the implementation and effectiveness of the four programs participating in the Employment Coaching for TANF and Related Populations study. The report answers the following research questions: In what contexts were programs implemented? How did the designs of the programs vary and differ? How was coaching implemented across programs? The programs highlighted in this evaluation are: • Family Development and Self-Sufficiency, which serves TANF recipients and their family members in Iowa. • Goal4 It!TM, which provides employment coaching to TANF recipients in Jefferson County, Colorado in lieu of traditional case management. • LIFT, which is a voluntary coaching program operated in four U.S. cities. • MyGoals for Employment Success, which serves recipients of housing assistance in Baltimore, Maryland, and Houston, Texas.

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