This report, a review of the current state of the two-generation model, explains the components for two-generation approaches, including physical and mental health, early childhood development, K-12 education, postsecondary education and employment pathways, economic asset building, social capital, and the assumptions behind designing programs that simultaneously improve outcomes for children and families. Also, the report identifies the impacts of implementing two-generation approaches, lessons learned, and recommendations for future action.

This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA).

Child support can play an important role in helping families achieve greater financial stability. This report reviews how the child support enforcement system has changed since PRWORA and explains its relationship with public assistance programs. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use this resource to better understand how child support policies affect the families they serve, strengthen collaboration with child support agencies, and help parents access resources that support their children's well-being while working toward greater economic independence.

This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA).

Reliable childcare is often essential for parents to participate in employment, education, and training activities. This report explores how childcare programs have changed over the past three decades and why those changes matter for families with low incomes. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use this resource to better understand the role of childcare in supporting family self-sufficiency, strengthen partnerships with childcare providers, and connect families to services that help remove barriers to work and long-term economic stability.

This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA).

This report examines how Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for children with disabilities has changed over the past 30 years and what those changes mean for families with low incomes. For Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs, it provides valuable context on how disability benefits can complement TANF services and support children with significant needs. TANF staff can use this resource to better understand how families may access multiple supports, strengthen referrals, and coordinate services that promote family stability and financial security.

Helping families achieve economic security requires more than employment services. This Child Trends brief examines Virginia's Comprehensive Health Investment Project, a comprehensive case management program that helps families with low incomes meet immediate needs, such as housing and other basic supports, while also working toward long-term education and employment goals. The findings show how a whole-family approach can improve employment outcomes over time. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use these insights to strengthen case management, build partnerships with community providers, and better connect families with the coordinated supports they need to achieve lasting economic stability.

Families participating in Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) may face challenges that extend beyond financial hardship. This guide helps Tribal TANF staff recognize family strengths, connect caregivers with supportive services, and respond early to concerns before they become crises. Tribal TANF programs can use the guide to strengthen case management, improve collaboration with child welfare partners, and better support families working toward long-term stability. It offers practical strategies that help TANF caseworkers build trust, keep children safely connected to their families, and reduce the need for more intensive interventions.

Want practical ways to boost your program’s employment outcomes and help advance core purposes of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)? The Office of Family Assistance is sponsoring The Family Routes Initiative (FRI) to assist TANF programs in achieving employment, two-parent family formation, and responsible fathering goals, and invites TANF program staff of all levels to join us for a special Office Hours session on July 30th, 2026, from 2:00-3:00 PM ET.

Why Attend? 

The Administration for Children and Families launched the FRI to facilitate the transfer of practical Healthy Marriage and Responsible Fatherhood (HMRF) tools to help human services programs improve practical skills of TANF program staff and enhance the experience of families and participants engaged in TANF services. Participation in the initiative is intended to strengthen key skills and program capacities. 

Drawing from proven HMRF research and practices, this interactive, open forum will provide peer-to-peer and expert facilitated training, ideation, and design support focused on improving practical relational and employment-related skills, while linking participating programs with tailored technical assistance for strengthening employment and social outcomes for TANF participants.

Key Takeaways for Your Program:

• Emotional Regulation: Model emotional self-regulation and co-regulation skills with participants to manage daily stressors.
• Healthy Communication: Integrate practical communication skill-building directly into your existing employment and family services to strengthen participant engagement and improve employment outcomes.
• Advance TANF Purposes: Gain actionable strategies to help your program build economically stable and intact families.

When a parent can't care for their child, a grandparent, aunt, uncle, or close family friend often steps in without a second thought, even when it stretches their own household thin. These kinship caregivers are doing something remarkable, and the research confirms it makes a real difference. Children raised by kin experience fewer school disruptions, fewer placement changes, and better mental health outcomes than their peers in traditional foster care. Yet despite this, fewer than 12% of eligible kinship caregivers ever receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits.

This Chapin Hall resource highlights the positive outcomes associated with kinship care and examines the barriers that can prevent caregivers from receiving needed assistance. For TANF practitioners, it offers practical insights into the unique needs of kinship families and strategies for improving outreach, coordination, and service delivery. Whether you're strengthening partnerships with community-based organizations, developing referral processes, or helping families connect to benefits, this research provides evidence-based approaches to better support kinship caregivers and the children in their care.

Financial stability can play an important role in helping fathers support their children and strengthen their families. Financial Foundations is a free, virtual curriculum designed to help participants build practical skills related to budgeting, saving, debt management, and other key financial topics. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families programs, particularly those offering responsible fatherhood services, can share this opportunity with the fathers they serve and encourage their interested participants to apply. The curriculum can help fathers build financial confidence, make informed financial decisions, and develop skills that support long-term economic stability for themselves and their families.

Positive father involvement can strengthen families, support child well-being, and improve outcomes for children. This National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse webpage highlights its public awareness campaign, which offers videos, messages, and outreach materials that encourage fathers to remain active and engaged in their children's lives. The campaign also features firsthand accounts from fathers with lived experience, providing authentic perspectives on the challenges, successes, and rewards of remaining actively involved in their children's lives. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs can use this webpage to support responsible fatherhood initiatives, spark conversations with parents, and reinforce the important role fathers play in family stability. The materials are easy to share through workshops, social media, community events, and participant communications.