This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA).

Reliable childcare is often essential for parents to participate in employment, education, and training activities. This report explores how childcare programs have changed over the past three decades and why those changes matter for families with low incomes. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use this resource to better understand the role of childcare in supporting family self-sufficiency, strengthen partnerships with childcare providers, and connect families to services that help remove barriers to work and long-term economic stability.

This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA).

This report looks at how Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) has evolved since its creation in 1996, highlighting key policy changes and trends over time. It is a useful resource for TANF administrators, managers, and frontline staff who want to better understand the program's history and how it has adapted to meet the changing needs of families. The report can help inform TANF program planning, staff training, and discussions about future improvements while providing important context for serving families more effectively.

This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA).

This report examines how Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for children with disabilities has changed over the past 30 years and what those changes mean for families with low incomes. For Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs, it provides valuable context on how disability benefits can complement TANF services and support children with significant needs. TANF staff can use this resource to better understand how families may access multiple supports, strengthen referrals, and coordinate services that promote family stability and financial security.

Helping families achieve economic security requires more than employment services. This Child Trends brief examines Virginia's Comprehensive Health Investment Project, a comprehensive case management program that helps families with low incomes meet immediate needs, such as housing and other basic supports, while also working toward long-term education and employment goals. The findings show how a whole-family approach can improve employment outcomes over time. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use these insights to strengthen case management, build partnerships with community providers, and better connect families with the coordinated supports they need to achieve lasting economic stability.

With funding from the U.S. Department of Labor, Jobs for the Future (JFF) partnered with organizations across 24 states to expand pre-apprenticeship and Registered Apprenticeship programs that create career pathways for young people ages 16–24. This JFF resource explores what can help participants successfully transition from pre-apprenticeship into Registered Apprenticeships and where common barriers exist. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can use these insights to strengthen career pathways for youth and young adults, build partnerships with apprenticeship programs, and connect participants to in-demand careers that lead to long-term employment and economic stability.

Approximately one in seven young people in New York City between the ages of 16 and 24 are not in school or not working. This MDRC brief examines the Advance & Earn program, which combines education, career coaching, and paid work experiences to help young adults build skills and prepare for employment. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs serving opportunity youth can use these findings to explore strategies for engaging young adults who face barriers to work, supporting them as they complete training and creating stronger pathways to long-term employment and economic independence.

When a parent can't care for their child, a grandparent, aunt, uncle, or close family friend often steps in without a second thought, even when it stretches their own household thin. These kinship caregivers are doing something remarkable, and the research confirms it makes a real difference. Children raised by kin experience fewer school disruptions, fewer placement changes, and better mental health outcomes than their peers in traditional foster care. Yet despite this, fewer than 12% of eligible kinship caregivers ever receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits.

This Chapin Hall resource highlights the positive outcomes associated with kinship care and examines the barriers that can prevent caregivers from receiving needed assistance. For TANF practitioners, it offers practical insights into the unique needs of kinship families and strategies for improving outreach, coordination, and service delivery. Whether you're strengthening partnerships with community-based organizations, developing referral processes, or helping families connect to benefits, this research provides evidence-based approaches to better support kinship caregivers and the children in their care.

Financial stability can play an important role in helping fathers support their children and strengthen their families. Financial Foundations is a free, virtual curriculum designed to help participants build practical skills related to budgeting, saving, debt management, and other key financial topics. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families programs, particularly those offering responsible fatherhood services, can share this opportunity with the fathers they serve and encourage their interested participants to apply. The curriculum can help fathers build financial confidence, make informed financial decisions, and develop skills that support long-term economic stability for themselves and their families.

Positive father involvement can strengthen families, support child well-being, and improve outcomes for children. This National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse webpage highlights its public awareness campaign, which offers videos, messages, and outreach materials that encourage fathers to remain active and engaged in their children's lives. The campaign also features firsthand accounts from fathers with lived experience, providing authentic perspectives on the challenges, successes, and rewards of remaining actively involved in their children's lives. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs can use this webpage to support responsible fatherhood initiatives, spark conversations with parents, and reinforce the important role fathers play in family stability. The materials are easy to share through workshops, social media, community events, and participant communications.

Young people leaving foster care often face financial challenges as they transition to adulthood, including managing money, securing housing, and planning for future goals. This Annie E. Casey Foundation brief introduces their financial curriculum that helps young people build financial knowledge, develop savings habits, and strengthen their long-term economic stability. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs can review this introductory brief and share the curriculum with young adults, former foster youth, and kinship families to encourage financial capability education and asset-building. By connecting participants to this curriculum, TANF practitioners can help them develop the skills and confidence needed to pursue education, employment, housing, and other pathways to self-sufficiency.