Learning from the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 TANF Pilots: Designing Studies of Outcomes-Based Performance Measurement in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Programs

How should Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs measure success beyond meeting work participation requirements? This report from the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation (OPRE) examines the development of research studies focused on outcomes-based performance measurement under the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. The legislation authorized up to five states to pilot alternative ways of measuring TANF program performance, with greater attention to employment, earnings, and family stability and well-being. The report highlights the importance of studying how states design and implement these approaches and how changes in performance measurement may affect programs and the families they serve. This resource offers TANF administrators an opportunity to consider how program success can be measured beyond participation in work activities alone. It can also inform conversations about data collection, performance expectations, and the use of research to improve service delivery. Understanding these approaches can help TANF agencies strengthen accountability while keeping the focus on meaningful outcomes, including employment and greater economic stability for families.