This report presents data and graphics to illustrate the variation of young children in deep poverty by race and ethnicity and health and development, including low birth weight, physical impairments, intellectual disability and developmental delay, participation rates in early intervention and special education, child behavior, lack of health insurance, obesity, and elevated blood lead levels. The report also examines parent characteristics by poverty status, such as their overall mental health status, income status among single parent households, level of neighborhood support, educational attainment, and rates among parents without health insurance and rates among unemployed parents.